An azygos lobe is found in 1% of anatomic specimens and forms when the right posterior cardinal vein, one of the precursors of the azygos vein, fails to migrate over the apex of the lung 1. April 09, 2020 the azygos venous system is located on either side of the vertebral column and drains the viscera within the mediastinum, as well as the back and thoracoabdominal walls. The lobe was ventilated by the posterior branch of the apical segmental bronchus b1a. Azygos vein definition of azygos vein by medical dictionary. Its pathogenesis is discussed, as are the characteristic xray features that enable an accurate diagnosis.
To download the pdf, click the download link below. Please, select more pdf files by clicking again on select pdf files. We explored the prevalence of an azygos lobe using. Alternatively, you can also download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it can be opened using a pdf reader. Stephan voigt consultant radiologist isle of wight nhs primary care trust st marys hospital newport department of diagnostic imaging isle of wight, uk po30 5tg this article is an attempt to give the reader guidance how to read a chest xray and below are two methods.
Journal of case reports and medical images it may be confused with a bullae, cavitation, abcess or lung mass if consolidated but it is generally an incidental finding of clinical unimportance. Its radiological aspects are well known but there are few anatomical reports about its bronchial and vascular components. An azygos lobe of the lung is a rare congenital venous malformation. It occurs when the right posterior cardinal vein, one of the precursors of the azygos vein, fails to migrate over the apex of the lung and penetrates it instead, carrying along pleural layers that entrap a portion of the right upper lobe. A rounded projection, especially a rounded, projecting anatomical part. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 979k, or click on a. This arch of the azygos vein arcus venae azygos is an important anatomic landmark. An azygos lobe forms when the right posterior cardinal vein, one of the precursors of the azygos vein, fails to migrate over the apex of the lung and penetrates it instead, carrying along two pleural layers that invaginates into the upper portion of the right upper. Embryologically, it arises from an anomalous lateral course of the azygos vein in a pleural septum within the apical segment of the right upper lobe or in other words an azygos lobe is formed when the right posterior cardinal vein, one of the. Common absence or obstruction of the inferior vena cava eg, azygos continuationcongestive heart failureenlarged azygos node. The azygos vein also serves as a connecting link, through the ascending lumbar vein. It is a rare anomaly of the lung without pathological consequence on the breathing function. Embryologically the azygos lobe is a part of the right upper lobe and its bronchial and arterial supplies arise from the apical or posterior segments of the right upper lobe 5,6. Instead, the vein penetrates the lung carrying along pleural layers that entrap a portion of the right upper lobe.
This video demonstrate the presence of a azygos lobe in a patient submitted to a thoracotomy for lung cancer. It is a normal anatomic variant of the right upper lobe due to invagination of the azygos vein and pleura during development in the fetus. However, on chest roentgenograms, this anomaly may appear to be present if there are any other pathological conditions. How to read a chest xray a step by step approach dr. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. Aneurysm of azygos anterior cerebral artery associated. Dec 25, 20 an azygos lobe is found in 1% of anatomic specimens and forms when the right posterior cardinal vein, one of the precursors of the azygos vein, fails to migrate over the apex of the lung 1. A rare case of an azygos lobe in the right lung of a 40yearold. Media in category human anatomy, azygos lobe the following 22 files are in this category, out of 22 total.
Because the azygos vein is a rightsided structure, this. The prevalence and dimensions of the azygos lobe were determined with a 95% confidence interval. This is relatively unusual, as most elements of anatomy reflect bilateral symmetry. So, the detection of this anomaly and clarification of its precise. Oct 28, 2011 the azygos lobe is a rare anomaly in bronchopulmonary segmentation due to an unusual course of the azygos vein. A total of 704 adult cadavers dissected over a tenyear period by students in the department of human anatomy at the medunsa campus, university of limpopo, were studied. Ihe azygos lobe is a now commonly recog nized congenital anomaly of the upper lobe of the lung. These images have typical appearance of azygos lobe, fissure and vein. There is no clinical significance and no treatment is required. Understanding the structure of the azygos lobe is important. The azygos lobe is a congenital variant with an incidence of about 0. An azygos fissure has a tadpole shape, the azygos vein itself forming the head of the tadpole. An azygos lobe is created when a laterally displaced azygos vein creates a deep pleural fissure into the apical segment of the right upper lobe during embryological development. In this case it is due to azygos continuation of the ivc confirmed on ct not shown, a rare anatomical variant.
Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 979k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Fuad aa, mubarak my two cases of azygos lobe with normal and aneurysmal azygos vein on computed tomography. An azygos lobe is an unusual but important anatomical variant of the right lung anatomy 1,2. The azygos lobe of the right lung europe pmc article. An azygos lobe is a rare congenital variant of the right lung, usually diagnosed as an incidental finding. Azygos definition at, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Once again, during the operation for primary repair of the esophageal atresia, difficulties arose in reflecting the pleura. A cadaver with azygos lobe and its clinical significance. This case also demonstrates an azygos lobe, which is a common anatomical variant. Although an azygos lobe is a rare anomaly of the lung, its radiological appearance has been well defined. Axial a and sagital reformatted chest ct b, reconstructed in mediastinal window, and chest pa radiograph c, of a 72 yearold man, performed at the emergency department before treatment of a pleural effusion. Azygos lobe in a south african cadaveric population.
The terminal veins of this system are the azygous, hemiazygous, and accessory hemiazygous veins. Separate one page or a whole set for easy conversion into independent pdf files. The azygos vein, which is lined by visceral and parietal pleura, lies in the base of the fissure. Albuquerque, new mexico t h e right azygos lobe is a well recognized entity seen in about 0.
In human anatomy, an azygos lobe is a normal anatomical variation of the upper lobe of the right lung. Background an azygos lobe of the lung is a rare congenital venous malformation. The azygos anterior cerebral artery aca is a very uncommon anomaly of the circle of willis with an incidence of 14%. Prevalence of an azygos lobe using thoracic computed. A small lobe sometimes found on the upper part of the right lung, formed by an infolding of the pleura and separated from the rest of the upper lobe by a deep groove lodging the azygos vein. Azygos definition of azygos by the free dictionary. An azygos lobe is observed in highresolution computed tomography images by 1. Its counterparts on the left side are the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins. Azygos lobe definition of azygos lobe by medical dictionary. The azygos lobe azygos lobe in figures 1 and 2 is a uncommon anomaly that is found in 1% of anatomic specimens, 1 on about 0. The azygos lobe of the lung europe pmc article europe. Azygos lobe small cell carcinoma european journal of cardio. Azygos lobe article about azygos lobe by the free dictionary. An azygos lobe is an accessory lobe of the lung that may occasionally be confused with a pathological process such as a bulla, lung abscess or neoplasm.
Pdf prevalence of an azygos lobe using thoracic computed. As an anatomical variation in 12% of the population, the arch can be displaced laterally, thereby creating a pleural septum separating an azygos lobe from the upper lobe of the right lung. The azygos lobe is a normal variant that is found in 1% of anatomic specimens and on about 0. May 02, 2008 the azygos lobe is a lobe of the lung that is extra. Azygos pulmonary lobe is a summery lobe which appearance is due to an anomaly in the development of azygos vein that abnormally extends to the upper lobe of the right lung. The azygos vein, in this case, is found passing along the bottom of the fissure and is suspended from the thoracic wall through a fold of the. Medially there is a small connection of the azygos lobe with the rest of the upper lobe. The author could find only 11 cases that have been previously reported in the. To change the order of your pdfs, drag and drop the files as you want. In approximately 2% of the population, the arch of the azygos vein which courses over the right main bronchus, can be part of a pleural septum producing the azygos lobe, which is separate from the right upper lobe. Azygos lobe definition of azygos lobe by the free dictionary. Azygos lobe an azygos lobe is created when a laterally displaced azygos vein creates a deep pleural fissure into the apical segment of the right upper lobe du.
Embryologically, it arises from an anomalous lateral course of the azygos vein 1 in a pleural. Sep 14, 2014 this video demonstrate the presence of a azygos lobe in a patient submitted to a thoracotomy for lung cancer. This is an infrequent anatomical variation among the population 1 that may cause notable morphologic changes in the upper mediastinum and may constitute an obstacle to performing videoassisted thoracic sympathectomy vats. The azygos lobe is a rare variation of the right upper lobe of the lung, and prevalence of it in the general population varies widely between 0. It is found in under 1% of the population and is of no clinical significance. Azygos lobe is a rare congenital anomaly in the upper lobe of the right lung, and. Six patients with migrating azygos vein were studied by mdct before and after migration. The azygos lobe is a rare anatomical variant, most often encountered in the right lung. Merge pdf files combine pdfs in the order you want with the easiest pdf merger available. By continuing to use this site you consent to the use of cookies on your device as described in our cookie policy unless you have disabled them. An azygos lobe is found in 1% of anatomical specimens 2 and is twice as common in males than females 3 embryology.
Enlarged azygos vein in an azygos fissure from azygos. An autopsy photograph of azygos lobe located cranially in the right upper lung lobe. The azygos vein had an abnormal anterior loop and entered the anterior surface of the right upper lobe. It is usually detected using a chest xray, but computed tomography can also be used in selected cases for advanced examination and differential diagnosis. It is not a true accessory lobe as it does not have its own bronchus. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader. The azygos vein also serves as a connecting link, through the ascending lumbar vein, between the venae cavae returning blood from above and below.
On chest radiograph, azygos lobe can be seen as a curvilinear line of the right apex separating the apical right upper lung. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 438k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. The lobes are the portions of the lung and the fissures are the plains that divide different lobes. Cureus a rare case of an azygos lobe in the right lung. The author could find only 11 cases that have been previously reported in the world literature. The right azygos lobe is supplied by the medial segments of the apical and anterior or posterior branches of the apical segmental bronchial artery and vein. Cureus a rare case of an azygos lobe in the right lung of a. Pdf azygos lobe al is a rare normal anatomic variant of the lung with a frequent location at the right upper lobe. This system consists of the azygos vein and its two main tributaries. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Case report two cases of azygos lobe with normal and. Clinically, the azygos lobe has been accepted as a normal variation that can simulate various diseases. The authors describe the characteristic features in a particular case of the azygos lobe observed in the right lung after studying a fresh specimen and doing a. A rare cause of right paratracheal opacity sciencedirect.
Here, we describe a rare case of an azygos lobe of the right lung, diagnosed incidentally on a computed tomography ct scan in a 40yearold male patient who presented with chest pain, shortness of. All patients had repeated episodes of cough, vomiting, and a short mesoazygos. This report describes the presence of an azygos lobe, a rare anatomical variant, encountered at operation. Here, we describe a rare case of an azygos lobe of the right lung, diagnosed incidentally on a computed tomography ct scan in a 40yearold male patient who presented with chest pain, shortness. Azygos lobe is an accessory lobe at the right apex that frequently presents as an incidental finding. Left azygos lobe has been reported as well, but it is extremely rare 7,8. Its etiology is related to a defect of the migration of the azygos vein during the embryonic development.